Contents

xxv

33.5

Conclusion

516

References

517

34

Agri and Food Waste Valorization Through the Production of

Biochemicals and Packaging Materials

521

A. Jagannath and Pooja J. Rao

34.1

Introduction

521

34.2

Importance

522

34.3

Worldwide Initiatives

522

34.4

Composition-Based Solutions and Approaches

523

34.5

Biochemicals

523

34.5.1

Functional Phytochemicals

524

34.5.2

Industrial-Relevant Biochemicals

524

34.5.3

Enzymes

525

34.5.4

Foods/Feeds/Supplements

525

34.6

Biofuels

526

34.7

Packaging Materials and Bioplastics

526

34.7.1

Scope and Features

527

34.7.2

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

527

34.7.3

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)

529

34.7.4

Reinforcement in Bioplastic Properties

529

34.7.4.1

Natural Extract

529

34.7.4.2

Copolymerization

530

34.7.4.3

Green Composites

530

34.8

Green Valorization

531

34.9

Conclusion

531

References

532

35

Edible Coatings and Films from Agricultural and Marine Food

Wastes

543

C. Naga Deepika, Murlidhar Meghwal, Pramod K. Prabhakar, Anurag Singh,

Rekha Rani, and Ravi Kumar Kadeppagari

35.1

Introduction

543

35.2

Sources of Food Waste

544

35.3

Film/Coating Made from Agri-Food Waste

545

35.3.1

Biopolymers from Fruits and Vegetables Waste

545

35.3.2

Biopolymers from Grain Wastage

546

35.3.3

Bioactive Compounds from Plant Residues

547

35.4

Film/Coating Materials from Marine Biowaste

548

35.4.1

Fish Processing By-products

549

35.4.2

Crustacean By-Products

549

35.5

Film/Coating Formation Methods

550

35.5.1

Solvent Casting

550

35.5.2

Extrusion

551

35.5.3

Dipping Method

552